Essay on Mr Ghode

Essay on Mr Ghode Essay on Mr Ghode between the states that succeed and fail. For legitimacy to exist a state must satisfy the following characteristics; the physical basis including, effective sovereignty, and a international consensus on territory. Supported by an implicit social contract and a consensus on the concept of the state. It is exactly the failure to meet these dimensions that lead to the perils of the weak state, there are several causal factors to why periphery nations have difficulty achieving legitimacy. It stems from the nations development, many of which emerged from colonialism. The colonial legacy has very negative consequences for the developing nation, principally because the social and political institutions left to the new nation hinders it rather than helps. The political institutions were founded on a western premise, political participation, accountability and constitutionalism are not always the suitable basis for development, it is as if the new nation has to set itself against a western t emplate. The bureaucratic structure was inherently elitist, decisions made in the capital were often resented in the country. Colonial authorities sustained cultural elite's to rule over their inferiors, this was exactly the case in Rwanda. "In a number of instances ..the allocation by the state of differential rights of access was based on a normative scale according to which groups were seen as superior to others, and at times these normative evaluations were projected into the collective images which Africans formed of themselves." Colonialism also left organised military and police forces, often used as instruments of coercion. In a deteriorating state they become a law unto themselves, selling themselves as mercenaries to wealthy independents. For the few states that do develop most descend into civil war, rebellion, wars of succession and political corruption, "between 1958 and 1985, there has been 65 forcible changes of government in Africa alone." It would be inaccurate to presume that Europe is spared these problems but the Intra-war in ex-Yugoslavia shattered this illusion. A feature of the war in Yugoslavia was ethnicity, ethnic hostilities hidden under the silencing hand of communism were emerging. Experts on ethnicity such as Ted Gurr suggests that ethnic hatreds and affinities can be products of the weak state, they are not primordial but arise in particular political, social and economic conditions. The state can often be seen as exploiting ethnic grievances for their own political ends. Emerging peripheral nations have been unable to cope with the pressure of rapid economic modernisation and the legacy of colonialism, the tensions that arise cause stress on the basic foundations of the developing nation leading to a decent into revolutionary violence. This alternative strategy of war fare is becoming increasingly prolific. the last major state confrontation could be viewed as the cold war and the nuclear stalemate that ensued, since the advent of nuclear weapons inter-state war has become obsolete because of the threat of total annihilation that is posed. The new form of war-fare is Intra-state war and insurgency. " in the last eight years alone there have been no less that 164 internationally significant out breaks of revolutionary violence" . The terms insurgency and revolutionary war-fare are largely inter-changeable, they refer to a particular variety of revolutionary activity that involves a protracted struggle using irregular military tactics. Tactics involve psychological and political operations in addition to conventional military strategies. The goal is generally to form a new system or political structure from within the state. Insurgency is markedly different to conventional war, T.E Elliot defines it as "an influence, an idea, a thing intangible, without front or back, drifting like a gas." Conventional war focuses its attention on military considerations were insurgency

Free sample - A Strategic Plan for Launching BMW 3 Series in USA and UK. translation missing

A Strategic Plan for Launching BMW 3 Series in USA and UK. A Strategic Plan for Launching BMW 3 Series in USA and UKIntroduction The term international business management strategy has its own significance in the techno-savvy world of today. It is the process of establishing the empire of business by a series of strategies viz. executing the business concept, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives. We can analyse the situation by strategically approach to the launch of BMW 3 series vehicles. We know Product Diversification and Customer Care are strategic tools employed by present day business to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and customers so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time to cut down costs while satisfying service-level requirements .In the past, Product Diversification and Customer Care gained momentum and received due attention from practitioners and researchers. It has become present day managerial competitive weapon for improving performance in the field.   Background International strategic management also results in more exports to and imports from other countries, often called offshore sales and imports. Offshore sales and purchases by U.S. manu ­facturers have increased to 14 percent of total sales and 10 percent of total pur ­chases. The volume of corporate voice, data, and teleconferencing traffic between countries is growing at an annual rate of 15 to 20 percent- about double the corpo ­rate domestic rate- indicating how businesses are increasingly bridging national boundaries. International strategic management is also widespread area today. Banking, law, information services, airlines, education, consulting, and restaurant services-are particularly active globally. Here we can see the automobile giant is going to launch their latest 3 series vehicles in USA and in UK. Born in Germany, BMW was always a passion to the automobile lovers from the beginning itself. Today, we can see the automobile fan is still deployed behind the brand name simply because of its elegant style, beauty and power. Philip Sadler –(2003) Aim of the study BMW is the automobile giant having its presence in every part of the world. The product diversification always enables the company the market leader of the sector without any challenges. Here BMW wants to put their business mark in USA and UK by its latest version BMW 3 series as a part of diversification in the business. The plan BMW intends to ensure its monopoly across the whole world by their corporate strategic management. So as a first and prime step they want to organise a good campaign to make the event more noticeable there in the new country. They wish to make it reorganised their marketing presence within a short time period. BMW Based in Germany, the BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke, AG) chain stretches across the globe. Automobile and engine manufacturing company started their chase in 1916. With profit margins so small, they were continually looking for ways to reduce costs and utilize facilities efficiently in the initial period.. Now the automobile giant has its own mark in the global automobile scenario.    Country  Make  Cars (2006)  Cars (2008)  Models  Germany  BMW  905,057  901,898  Others  United Kingdom  Mini  187,454  235,019  All Minis  Ã‚   Rolls-Royce  67  1,417  All Rolls-Royce  Austria  BMW  114,306  82,863  BMW X3  USA  BMW  105,172  170,741  BMW X5, X6  South Africa  BMW  54,782  47,980  BMW   Total  Ã‚   1,366,838  1,439,918  Ã‚   Presence in the UK Unlike all other countries, UK has become the most number of users of the brand. The figure 187,454 stretches out a great deal from all others. It is in fact shows the appreciation and recognition of the brand among the public. But by using the innovative models the company is very effectively sustain the leadership in the sector. BMW in the USA Even if the figures are the average, the brand has ts own influence in USA market. The figure 105172 shows its presence is one among the first five in the automobile industry. In fact BMW is accelerating to come to the driver’s seat within a short span of time. A clear but brief background of the two markets, with a justification of their selection BMW, however, recently decided to focus its competitive positioning on enhancing the consumer's feel satisfaction experience by its latest 3 series.   Their target market is the upscale families and business men, who have the following shopping priorities: 1.  Ã‚   Luxurious. The facility is in fact a mark of self esteem and proud, with these items well displayed and good access. 2.   Availability. The selection of items is broad, and the customer has several choices for any one item. 3.  Ã‚   Timely Service. The show room is open at convenient times, and customers do not have to wait in long checkout lines. The Need for Strategic Planning Strategies of one’s own will not make any firm fast growth oriented. Organisation structure and systems also play significant roles in turning a strategy successful Philip Sadler –(2003) . In fact, that is the pivotal part of marketing aspect. For instance, in a rigid, bureaucratic organisation where everything is done based on written orders, strategies sensitive to time will not work. Control systems should also be tuned to implement the strategy. For instance, the success and growth of a restaurant operating in a highly competitive environment depends on the quality of items, lead time and attitude and behaviour towards customers, often more than on price. In such places, ordering and delivering systems have to be closely monitored to ensure competitiveness and resultant growth opportunities, and to have a sustainable growth. Connor, Dick Davidson, Jeffrey(1990). How does BMW influence the potential customers in the market?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As in management, these strategies are formulated and implemented by BMW, which want to grow in the entirely different market. Such firms have to maintain sustainable competitive advantage by delivering superior value to the customer. But as a genuine consultant do have my own suggestions. Although it is difficult for any firm to be an ideal growth business, it is worth attempting to reach that ideal. Some of the important characteristics of an ideal growth business are given below. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A near monopoly that can dominate a market because of patents 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A business where the rate of growth in profits is far higher than the rate of growth in sales 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And the business which can grow independently in the economic cycle 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A business that has a constantly high rate of inquiries and new repeatedorders 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A business that is dependent on management talent. Peter Block says money value has to be there when a consultant deal with such a problem. Positioning map    As BMW has its own mark in both UK and in the USA, company need not struggle to formulate innovative strategies, but they have to convince the customers their unique perceived quality and price positioning. As BMW is high end quality oriented product, there are privileged retailers and customers to take it this new 3 series as their own product. Unlike the main streamers, the product 3 series top level quality product has its unique comfort, luxury which provides the customers a kind of self esteem. The international business strategies for the two countries- the USA and the UK The major challenge before the firm is to align the store with the new competitive priorities established for the chain. An area he has identified as a particular concern is the scheduling of consumers. Maintaining a high level of performance requires more stocking personnel to keep the stock orderly on the shelves and the aisles clear and swept. To make a profit in a low-margin business environment, he has to control costs so that prices remain competitive. The trick is to develop a work schedule for the per ­sonnel that satisfies competitive requirements, conforms to a reasonable set of work policies, and utilizes the person-net efficiently to minimize labour costs. Charles W. L. Hill   ,( 2010). Unlike all other countries, UK has become the most number of users of the brand. The figure 187,454 stretches out a great deal from all others. It is in fact shows the appreciation and recognition of the brand among the public. As far as the USA is concerned, even if the figures of the existing BMW users are the average, the brand has its own influence in market. The figure 105172 shows its presence is one among the first five in the automobile industry. In fact BMW is accelerating to come to the driver’s seat within a short span of time. By using the innovative models the company is very effectively sustain the leadership in the sector and moreover the new product does not have any major challenge from any other opponents or other similar factors as the strategy can cover them with the present market identity in both these countries.    SWOPT ANALYSIS In BMW, we have seen, and as we would like to see it in its operations more conspicuously over the time. It seems that it has not achieved a great deal. Starting with an excellent strategy, its turnover is a performance tool par excellence. However, it appears that much more can be achieved with the kind of resources which BMW has. The following factors are evident when we analyse the firm with a SWOPT analysis.(Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Problems and Threats) analysis and as comments are as under: Strengths An excellent team of professionals The very name BMW signifies the impersonality attached to any single individual's name or family. Scope, thus, exists to work for the company rather than to glorify the name of a family.  Ã‚   A manufacturing base in terms of office space, equipment and machinery. A well nourished existing customer base of the company. Good contacts with business world. Self generated export business and hence firsthand knowledge of the buyers and the markets. A very close and harmonious social relationship among partners is seen. It is an indicative of a similar social status of all the partners. Presence of both domestic and export markets in  Ã‚   BMW Market mix enables knowledge of both the markets, but it can be turn to a plus by looking back on the commitment they have shown in the past.   Product associated has a tremendous growth potential, both in international and domestic markets. Weakness   Size: BMW has to grow big and utilise fully the entrepreneurial talents available to it. The present size is not optimum and this is leading to under-utilisation of the time of the directors. The whole Woking of it has to be reorganized to utilise the 'human resources’ available to it. Product Portfolio: Though so far has been able to generate sales from onlytwo lines, but the lines have very narrow product-market scope and could prove vulnerable in the long term. A balanced portfolio could be one which would enable BMW to generate sufficient funds to achieve its growth and the present objectives.   Lack of 'systems' appears to be another weakness of BMW. Today, whatever information (mainly financial) is generated appears to be an end in itself. LIMITATIONS: The product launch relies only on a target group and hence the area where the company is not concentrate or to the remote area will be out of focus as a result of boost in the strategy management can happen. There should be a market research well before the launch which can emphasise the region where the strategies are concentrated more and that could be conducted in various levels or areas. And also it would have been better for the study if it could be conducted in a wide level. Conclusion We can understand the systematic approach of the company will make a mark in the market from the very beginning itself. We know Product Diversification and Customer Care are strategic tools employed by present day business to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and customers so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time to cut down costs while satisfying service-level requirements .The company BMW can execute the strategies well, and they will become a top notch firm within a short span of time there in both locations.

Week 5 question 10 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week 5 question 10 - Assignment Example Diversity is of great importance in helping an organization to exercise the most appropriate practices especially in the changing structure of the workplace where women are becoming engaged in a similar way as men. Here, diversity would ensure that racial prejudices are not allowed and that any form of unfair discrimination is avoided and equality emphasized. This improves job satisfaction and the overall organization’s performance. Since the modern business environment is becoming more competitive, organizations are required to change and to embrace flexibility so as to remain competitive in their consecutive business sectors. Some of the most common forces that prompt an organization to change include technology, economic shocks, competition, world politics, and even social trends. However, some organizations encounter problems while attempting to change. This is mostly due to personal reasons such as habit, security, fear of the unknown, and economic factors and organizatio nal reasons that include structural inertia, group inertia, and threats to expertise. To deal with resistance to change, change agents can apply certain strategies that include education, communication, participation, development of positive relationships, coercion, and building support as well as commitment. Change helps an organization in not only remaining competitive but also in surviving in a highly competitive business

An action plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An action plan - Essay Example The APRANET which started its journey in 1969 and facilitated email has travelled a long way through the world wide web (www), the internet, internet radio, wireless internet, e-commerce and presently opened the doors for the internet TV. E-commerce has revolutionized the business processes and business transactions and the internet TV is another form of e-commerce and has opened doors of tremendous opportunity for different TV channels. This paper analyses the scope of e-commerce and the internet TV and the recent changes in the TV industry. It also discusses the action plans of TV channels NBC, Rogers, Bell Canada and Sony in order to exploit the opportunity offered by the internet TV. E - Commerce and Internet TV The Internet and the Web have enabled online business transaction which is called e-commerce and formally, it is the digital commercial transactions which is also known as E-business. E-commerce has changed the traditional processes of transactions which was considering c onsumers as passive targets and was driven by sales force. E-commerce is becoming popular due to its unique features which include its ubiquity, universal standards, global reach, richness of information richness, information density, interactivity, social technology and personalization/customization. With the growth and popularity of the internet in the world and its wider reach the internet TV is becoming very popular. Recent Changes in the TV industry Recently, there have been many technological developments in the TV industry which has changed the complete scenario of the TV industry. The recent trends require the TV industry to deliver the current form ‘TV’ via the Internet. The industry needs to not only produce huge quantity of the internet enabled TV sets but also to meet the challenges of delivering the current form of TV through the internet. The development in science and technology has enabled fast internet services and the possibility of delivering TV progr ams through the internet which can reach in any corner of the world through wireless network. The present delivery system requires the services of a network provider and a set top box but the internet TV would require only a modem to provide the services. The picture quality of the internet TV is multiple times better than the existing quality and it can be demanded by many consumers provided the basic problems are solved. The basic problems include lack of appropriate business models for the internet TV, limited bandwidth affect the quality and speed, lack of internet connections to many TV sets. The major problem experienced by consumers is the availability of millions of video programs make it difficult for them to navigate through and search for the desired program through the internet TV (Meyer & Peng, 2005). Action Plans The action plans of major TV service providers of the world like NBC, Rogers, Bell Canada and Sony need to address to the major challenges of finding an appro priate business model for generating revenue, improve the limited bandwidth quality, ensure the availability of the internet connections to TV sets and to device an appropriate system to make navigation through millions of programs easy. Their action plan should focus on positioning themselves for the transition from traditional to Internet TV that is

Miracle on St Davids Day by Gillian Clarke Essay Example for Free

Miracle on St Davids Day by Gillian Clarke Essay Miracle on St Davids Day is an enchanting, and ultimately optimistic poem relating to the theme of identity by Gillian Clarke. The poem tells the story of a man in a mental institution, who exceeds the expectation of both the nurses and his fellow patients when he regains the ability to talk. In the first stanza of the poem, Gillian Clarke describes the country house in what seems to be an idyllic setting, The sun treads the path among cedars and enormous oaks, it might be a country house, guests strolling. However despite the seemingly pleasant tone, implied by the use of her making it seem informal, through the relaxed wondering of what the House may have been, might be a country house, guests strolling, suggesting normality her use of the word might alerts the reader that this idyllic setting may be an illusion and not what it first seems. The illusion of normality is swiftly extracted by the opening line of the second stanza, I am reading poetry to the insane. This line ends with a certain finality, that is so abrupt that it disturbs the so far, flowing effect to the poem, also implying informality and normality, to the effects that it shocks the reader, not only in the disrupted rhythm of the poem but also in the disturbingly blunt reality of what she is saying. Furthermore this is shocking because it is not commonplace for people to be reading poetry to the insane. Gillian Clarke does this numerous times during the poem in order to stop the reader, so that the poem does not ramble, and make it more interesting, A beautiful chestnut-haired boy listens entirely absorbed. A schizophrenic. This use of contrast between the descriptive lines of the opening stanza and the flat, and remarkably blunt, tones of this line introduce the reader to the contrast between the setting and the guests. As we can observe from the line following, I am reading poetry to the insane, which instantly restores the mood of the poem to informal with the humor, of the old woman who is constantly offering the narrator coal, when it is March and she would have no means of getting coal. By the use of having the woman saying humorous things, Gillian Clarke is also contrasting her with the other patients at the home, as she is the only one who is talking. The poem also uses poetic devises such as personification, An afternoon yellow and open mouthed. It uses metaphors, In a cage of first march sun, and similes such as, Outside the daffodils are still as wax, to make the poem more interesting to read, and also without these techniques the imagery of the poem, that the people in the home are daffodils would not be portrayed and the final message of the poem would not be presented to the reader. Thus the poem would be pointless. Gillian Clarke also uses enjambment in the poem, which disturbs the flow of the poem, and I think is also relating to the disturbed personalities of the patients in the home. Enjambment is effectively used in the third to fourth stanzas, as this is a rambling scene of the immense man struggling to get to his chair, and so Clarke reflects this in the appropriate use of enjambment between the stanzas. The first March sun is described as a cage in the third verse as it is saying that for these people who have no fre edom, even their enjoyment of the sun is trapping them, and they have no choice but to be out absorbed in it. These poetic devices are also used to build up the character of the man in the poem. In the third stanza where the man is introduced, he is described as a big, mild man, and a laborer, who is being tenderly led. This use of contrasting language informs the reader that even though the man is large in size he has to be tenderly led like a child, continuing to imply to the reader that there is something wrong with him. This is confirmed in the forth verse where he is described as rocking, a common action by insane people as it comforts them. His description is also emphasized by the repetition of the words big, mild and dumb. These words make him seem even more immense, which is odd when they are combined with mild. When the huge laboring man speaks he is in beautiful surroundings reciting a poem about daffodils, which is not only being ironic but is breaking the stereotype of laborers being very masculine and rather insensitive, whereas here he is being portrayed as almost feminine and extremely sensitive. What strikes me most prominently when reading the poem is the amount of imagery used to bring emphasis to the overall meaning of Clarkes poem and to make it more interesting. She has chosen the Daffodils, by W. Wordsworth, as the music that the mute man chooses to speak after forty years of silence. I believe that she has also chosen to describe the man who cannot speak as mute as it is also a musical term, and so therefore is not just emphasizing that there is no speech in his life, but also that there is no music, relating with happiness and merriment, and therefore is saying that without speech there is no joy in the laborers life. However when the rhythm of the poetry he is read awakens him, it appears to turn apparent life into reality. The poem is a possible way to show his waking from a world of misery to a reality of natures beauty and rhythm, Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say. This is also playing on the word dumbness, as dumbness aside from meaning stupidity also is relating to the man who cannot speak as a person who is mute can also be described as, dumb. Informing us that the poem is saying that music is good, as when he cannot speak, and there is no music, it is described as, misery and when this, falls, and he has remembered that there is something to say a thrush sings, representing happiness, and the once, wax still daffodils are flame, representing excitement, life and activity. Therefore Gillian Clarke is saying that the man was not properly alive until the music in his life was restored. He is reciting poetry because what he has heard from the nurses in the institution has restored his memory and he has remembered a poem that he had learnt as a child at school. We know this because Clarke informs us in verse thirty-one, Forty years ago, in a Valleys school, the class recited poetry by rote. I believe that Gillian Clarkes poem is also relating to music through this imagery. Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say. When he speaks there is an immediate exchange of characteristics, the once lifeless patients are alert and the nurses are frozen as the patients once were. I also notice that in Clarkes poem the daffodils seem to represent the people at the home. At the start of the poem the daffodils are open mouthed showing the way that the patients dont react to the poetry, as this is the face that people use when they are bored and not listening. Their open mouths show how unreceptive the patients are, once again removing any sense of normality as Gillian Clarke alienates them from ordinary sane people. When the miracle of the man speaking occurs the flowers are silent and still, showing that far from the boredom and lack of interest displayed before, everyone is amazed. We can deduct that the daffodils are not merely flowers, by the use of lines such as, their syllables unspoken, as obviously, flowers can speak no syllables. I think that the use of the candle related words throughout the poem are deliberate, when the flowers are as still as, wax, the man is not speaking and when he does they are a flame, which is representing that the mans hope, which has always been there, the wax, but when he speaks it is a flame. It is alive. I think that the, first bird of the year in the breaking darkness is symbolic as the first bird of the year, is representing the first speech in the mans life for many years, and the darkness which is now breaking is the bad times of when he could not speak. His first words in many years are described as a bird, as this also relates to the theme of music. Gillian Clarke effectively alienates the patients in the home and portrays the fact that although they are physically there, they mentally are not by the constant use of word absent, I read to their presences, their absences. St Davids Day by Gillian Clarke illustrates the theme of identity through the use of including people in a mental institution, as they have no identity. Yet after forty years a mans identity breaks through. I believe that this poem is trying to communicate the fact that everyone has an identity; no matter how masked it is from the rest of the world, and by the use of describing them with flowers that cannot speak (which have inner beauty, she is saying that everyone has some kind of identity and beauty. Emotion plays an important part in the poem humor, misery and shock are shown to us and this makes the poems more realistic. Ultimately I feel the reason this is a very effective poem is that the use of daffodils and Wordsworth is subtle but carries a significant meaning that is backed up by the tone of the rest of the poem. I find that the poem is truly touching and although the main message of the poem is quite discrete, the way that it is portrayed makes it seem that you, the reader are really experiencing the miracle.

THE PLACE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN TANZANIA MAINLAND :: essays research papers fc

THE PLACE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN TANZANIA MAINLAND. Introduction: Islam is one of the Universal religions of the world. As a religion, Islam is governed by an assortment of divine laws known as shariah of which its sources are mainly attributed to the divine revelations in the Holy Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). This package is what forms the basis of the spiritual, economic, political and social guidance of Muslims. Thus, all the laws of Islam have to be annexed to and borne of the Holy texts. Contrary to this, such laws would be regarded as un-Islamic. On the other hand, as regards the modern states, the mother of all laws is the constitution. It therefore follows that any law of the land must be in conformity with the Constitution; otherwise, such a law would be declared unconstitutional or ultra vires the constitution and would be of no legal effect. In other words, no state has a right to enact any laws or rather provide for the application of the same, unless such laws have been expressly or impliedly guaranteed by the constitution. Tanzania is governed by the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977.This Constitution provides a right to Freedom of religion which includes inter alia, choice in matters of religion and change of religion. From this provision, it may be inferred that, Islam, as a religion, is recognized in Tanzania. The United Republic of Tanzania is a product of a union between Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The union consists of two governments: the union government and the government of Zanzibar. As a result of this, Islamic law in Tanzania is applied in two different modes. In the isles of Unguja and Pemba i.e. Zanzibar, Islamic law is governed by a separate system of courts known as Kadhi’s courts. However, these courts are limited to Islamic matters related to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance in proceedings in which all parties profess the Muslim religion. On the other hand, in Tanzania mainland, there are no separate courts for the application of Islamic law. The single hierarchy of courts hears and determines disputes regarding both Muslim and non-Muslim or rather secular matters of interest. This paper will chiefly focus on the application of Islamic law in Tanzania mainland, although reference will be made to Islamic law in Zanzibar where appropriate. Take my hand and let me lead you through this. The paper will discuss the application of Islamic law during colonization and post -colonial period including the present state.

Friends with Benefits

Lehmiller, J. , â€Å"Sex Differences in Approaching Friends with Benefits Relationships†, Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 48, Issue 2-3, 2011, pgs 275 – 284. Friends With Benefits â€Å"‘Friends with benefits’ (FWB) relationships consist of friends who are sexually, but not romantically, involved. In other words, such relationships are comprised of persons who engage in sexual activity on occasion, but otherwise have a basic friendship†¦ it is important to recognize that FWB partners do not consider their involvements to be romantic relationships.Rather, FWB relationships are perhaps best regarded as friendships in which the partners involved have casual sex with one another. † (Lehmiller, 275) This passage tells what friends with benefit relationships are but why are they being studied in this instance? This article concludes the information concerning this specific type of odd relationship and how it’s seen in the eyes of the individuals who enter them. It also touches on the threat of sexually transmitted disease, the downfall of these relationships, and what type of people are more likely to enter one and how it changes their views of love. Releted essay –  An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsFriends with benefits relationships are being studied with the goal of finding out what motivates people to get into this type of relationship, what defines friends with benefits and how the changes in the relationship effect it. Most of the studies on this subject occur with nonrandom sampling that were advertised around college campuses which poses the implication that only younger generations involve themselves in friend with benefit relationships, which is false. The independent variable are the people themselves.Every person has a different view on this type of relationship and it can be easily skewed by what their friends, family, or peers believe about this type of situation. The dependent variable is the relationship itself. Once the terms are set by the two people in the relationship there is very little space for change, because trust can be questioned. There is no knowing if someone will develop feelings or not , which can ruin the whole point of a friends with benefits relationship. The main find in this article is that the studies on this subject should be cast in a broader net and there really isn’t enough research done on this subject.There should be more circumstances and variables. Most of the studies were taken from people who were recollecting past friends with benefits relationships and not currently in one which is subject to memory distortion and lapses. The studies should show current relationships, one’s including people of all ages, and what happened to the friendship before and afterward. This article touches a little on most subjects in the friends with benefits spectrum, but they could center in on one thing to be more specific in their findings.

Integrative Problems and Virtual Organization Strategy Paper Essay

Different types of threats for each different approach much each are carefully considered to ensure that the right approach is chose. There are benefits and risks for each approach. The threats must be read and understood appropriately. The first approach would be about Patton Fuller Community College going through with an IPO. An IPO is also known as an Initial Public Offering. The IPO is the first stock sale is a public offering that sales shares of stocks from a company to people within the â€Å"general† public. Some of the threats that Patton Community Hospital could go through if the IPO is pronounced publically would be that the people who make large investments for important things like retirement, they are putting their retirement at risk because the market can be very good to people at times, but it is not a sure thing. â€Å"†This is the most negative piece of legislation I’ve ever seen,† frets William Elmore of Foundation Capital.† It will dampen capital formation. Anyone standing to create wealth by building a growth company would face putting personal assets at risk.† There will be fewer future IPOs if some founders choose not to go public as a result of lingering concern† (Mamis, Robert A. (1997). Going public puts a lot of people in a position to create an opinion immediately and this might be a bad thing because business could slow. Some of the threats that could take place if another organization from the same industry is acquired the company that is being acquired (if it is the buying company) will end up in quite a bit of debt because it will end up costing more in the long run. â€Å"Because a public company’s stock is relatively liquid, it can be used as the currency to acquire other businesses and fuel further growth. Many owners of successful private enterprises are happy to sell their businesses in exchange for the marketable securities of a growth company† (QWOTER.CO. (2013). The threat that opposes here would be that even through with this approach there is a good chance of the business being larger and better, but this would mean that there is also the risk that the company is making the wrong move, and this could fail just as easy as it could succeed. This means that a threat would be that the business could go downhill. For example, if the other business acquired has a bad person worki ng for them or a bad rep, this will now include all companies involved. Patten Community Hospital also faces threats of merging with another company’s. Some of these threats would include debt, legal issues or standards, and mutual understanding and respect for all company’s involved. Merging a company can be very costly. This could mean putting the Company who is buying into some serious debt. This would not be good for either one of the merging parties. It would be smart to weigh every decision very carefully when choosing to merge companies because you want to make sure that everything legal is discussed and agreed upon to ensure that there are no misunderstandings. Also any business’s that are considering merging should meet and get to know the other business owner well before making the final decisions because there are so many different types of business, different types of strategies, different types of techniques, and different types of ideas and styles. Business owners that merger businesses may be very settled on the way th at he or she runs their business. Therefore this may cause conflict. Businesses can be very successful from merging their businesses together if a good team strategy and no conflict. View as multi-pages

The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage

The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Last year the average Reading score on the ACT was 21.3. With a strategic approach to reading the passages quickly and efficiently, you should be able to break away from this average and boost your scores! Let's review what you'll see on the ACT Reading section and then talk about the most efficient way to read the passages and answer the questions with time to spare. Types of Passages on ACT Reading There are four sections within Reading with passages from the humanities, natural sciences, social studies, and literary fiction. Usually these sections each have one long passage, but occasionally you might also encounter two shorter passages. All of the passages areprose, so you don't have to worry about interpreting poetry or anything too experimental orsubjective. Passages in these fields might draw from these subtopics: Humanities: architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. Social studies: anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology. Natural sciences: anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology. Literary fiction: short stories, novels, memoirs, and personal essays. The passage-based questions that follow each reading are meant to test certain skills of analysis and reading comprehension. Skills Tested On the ACT Reading According to the ACT, you're expected to use referring and reasoning skills to determine main ideas locate and interpret significant details (sometimes the question will refer you to a specific line, but other times you'll have to track down the detail yourself) understand sequences of events make comparisons (you'll especially see these questions if you have two short passages instead of one longer passage) comprehend cause-effect relationships determine the meaning of words, phrases, and statements in context (these are usually straightforward, but you should understand how they function in context) draw generalizations analyze the author's or narrator's voice and method In order to test these skills, the ACT Reading will ask you 6main types of questions.(I know we're going through background, but stay with me - this is important to understand why my reading strategy works. We'll talk about the actual reading strategy very soon). Types of ACT Reading Questions The Reading section asks you 40 questions in 35 minutes. These questions might test your understanding of what was directly stated in the passage or what various lines implied. For examples of each question type from official ACT questions, check out this detailed breakdown of the ACT Reading section.To give a quick review, these are the 6main types of Reading questions you'll encounter: Main idea - the main point or theme of the passage. Detail - usually refers directly to a line in the text and asks what it means or how it functions. Vocabulary - vocabularywords are usually straightforward, but they might be used in an unusual way in context. Development - how are ideas arranged within the passage? Implied ideas - these are inference questions. While this might seem subjective, there will only be one unambiguously correct answer. Voice - what is the author or narrator's tone, style, attitude, or perspective? You can see how these types of questions link directly to the skills tested. By asking what the author's tone is, for example, a question tests your ability to analyze an author's voice or method. In addition to studying literary terms, you should practice locating evidence within text that directly supports your answer. All of this might sound like a tall order in only 35 minutes! The biggest challenge lots of students have on the Reading section is simply getting through all the passages and questions in time. So how can you read the passages for understanding without wasting time that you could be using to answer questions? Let's dive in. How to Read the Passages Prepping for the ACT is incredibly helpful for many reasons. One is that it allows you to try out a few different strategies and figure out which one works best for you. I'll present a few options forreading the passages that work wellfor most students. Then you can determine which option you prefer. Let's take a look at how to read the passages, step by step. Step 1 All students should quickly read the introductory line or blurb at the beginning of the passage. This introduction will tell you where the passage is from and who the author is. Right away you can gain a sense of the passage's context, which is helpful for understanding its main purpose. In an excerpt taken from a textbook called Introduction to Psychology, for example, you can infer that the writing will most likely be informational, academic, objective, and explanatory. Be cautious about making assumptions before you even start reading - instead, use the blurb to inform you, while remaining open-minded about the passage's content and meaning. After this first step, you might jump right into reading the passage. Other students choose to lookover the questions first before reading. Let's consider both of these options as part of Step 2. Step 2 Students differ in what they feel is their best reading strategy. I'll present the options in terms of what I think works best for the largest number of people. In my eyes, Option C, while preferred by some, can be a time waster that's not as effective as the first two methods. Option A: Read the Questions First, then Skim the Passage Second With this option, you start byreading over the questions before reading the passage. This way you'll have a sense of what content you're looking for, and you can read with a discerning eye. If questions refer to any specific lines within the passage, then make a mark on the passage next to that line so you'll know to pay attention to it when you read. As for the main point or general purpose questions, circle those and leave them for last, after you've had time to read the passage, process it, and pick it apart with some other, more detail-oriented questions first. In this example(click to see detailed PDF), I circled questions 31, 33, and 39, because they ask about main ideas and main purposes. Question 33 is just asking about the purpose of a paragraph, so I made a mark by Paragraph 4 and noted "main purpose." I underlined and marked specific line references, as well as the important points of each question. This helps indicate that you shouldbe on the lookout while skimming for information about "female eels' pupils" and "larvae found by Schmidt." Once you've marked the passage and questions, you can go ahead and read through the passage quickly. Don't do a close reading intent on understanding every line. Instead, skim the passage, paying particular attention to the last line of the first paragraph (usually the thesis), the introductory sentences of paragraphs, and the conclusion.It's also helpful to watch out for transition words that mark a continuation of or shift in ideas, like "furthermore" or "however." In my opinion, this is the best strategy for reading the passages, since it eliminates the potential to waste time on unimportant parts of the passage. While you might enjoycurling up with a good book at home and getting lost in the story, the ACT Reading does not leave time for close, intensive reading. This approach helps you pick outthe important details and streamline your time management. Let's take a look at the second option for Step 2, which a lot of students swear by, as well. Option B: SkimthePassage First, then Read the Questions Second Some students find it distracting to glance over the questions before reading. They prefer to skim the passage first and then look at the questions, once they have a sense of its content, structure, and purpose. In this approach, the same rules of skimming as described above still apply, and you can still mark up the passage once you start working to help yourself locate important details and ensure that you have evidence to back up your answers. To figure out which approach you prefer, I recommend trying both with timed practice tests. After scoring your tests and reflecting on how well it worked for you, you can decide if you're more focused and relaxed reading the questions first or the passage first. The third option for Step 2 is my least favorite, because I don't think it's a particularly efficient way to approach the passages. Option C: Read the Passage Closely In this third option, you might do a close reading of the passage, rather than skimming it for important points. Then you'd go on to read and answer the questions. I feel this option not only wastes time, but also does not reflect the purpose of the Reading section, which, whether you like it or not, involves speed and efficiency. You only have about 52 seconds per question, less if you include the time you spent reading, so most students are better off skimming and then going back to look for concrete evidence once they start filling in answers. Now let's take a look at Step 3, which is a bit more straightforward. Step 3 Simply put, this is where you start answering the questions. Even if you chose Option B in Step 2, it's helpful to answer the detail and line specific questions first and leave the general purpose questions for the end. It's also helpful to come up withyour own answer to a question before looking at the four answer choices. They might confuse you by all sounding plausible. If you have a sense of what the correct answer is right off the bat, then you can look for it in the answer choices. If you're not sure about the answer after reading the answer choices, you should try to use process of elimination to locate the right answer. While the ACT might word questions like they're open to interpretation, they are not. There is only ever one 100% correct answer choice. If you find yourself overthinking or over-rationalizing an answer choice, it's probably not the correct one. Some wording that can make you start overthinking are questions like, The author would most likely agree with... In line 15, 'intense'most nearly means... This sample ACT question, for example, tries to sound open to interpretation, but it's really only got one correct answer. Which of the following most nearly paraphrases Helen Hunt Jackson's statement to Emily Dickinson that "it is wrong to the day you live in, that you will not sing aloud" (lines 35-36)? A. It is morally reprehensible of you not to let other poets read your work.B. It is unacceptable for you to continue writing; you should become a singer.C. It is stingy and wrong of you not to read out loud to those who like your work.D. It is unfair to this age that you do not share your poetry with the world. The answer here is D, based on other information from the passage to which it refers, as well as the line itself: "it is wrong to the day you live in." The "day you live in" is reflected in "this age" in answer D. While F and H seem plausible, they don't incorporate this reference to the age, time, or era of the day. In this case, the process of elimination could help you narrow down your answer choices until you hone in on the correct one, or, if need be, make your best guess. After reading and answering the questions, what's your final step in completing the Reading section of the ACT? Step 4 Rather than going back and forth between your test booklet and bubble sheet, it can save time to answer the questions in your test booklet and then transfer them to the bubble sheet. I would recommend doing this in chunks after you complete the set of questions abouteach passage. Make sure to keep an eye on time, though - you wouldn't want to run out of time having answers in your test booklet that you haven't marked on the answer sheet yet. If you're struggling with timing, you might consider starting with the passages you feel most confident about, whether it's natural sciences, social studies, humanities, or literary fiction, and answering those questions first. That way you can get through more questions faster. However, don't let a time saver become a time waster! This strategy is only worth it if you can go straight to your preferred passage and get working, but not if you're spending time looking over the passages simply to arrange them in order from easiest to hardest. With these four steps of approaching the Reading passages, you should be able to get more and more efficient at reading, locating evidence, and zero-ing in on correct answers. Read on for a few moretips for conquering the Reading section of the ACT. Tips and Strategies for ACT Reading Just as you're strategic about how to read the passages, you also want to tackle the questions with a set of strategies. These tips are ones that students have found to be the most helpful as they work their way through the ACT Reading section. First, and perhaps least obvious, your mindset, or how you think and feel about the Reading section, can actually have a big impact on your performance. Cultivatea Positive Mindset You know how if you're bored in a class, it's a struggle to pay attention to the lecture or plod your way through the work? Stress and anxiety can also put up obstacles to learning, actually using up your mental energy so it's not available to comprehend the task at hand. On the opposite side, if you're really intrigued by a lesson or activity, you feel engaged and like it flies by. You also actually absorb the information or practice much more efficiently, because you're personally involved in it. As an added bonus, you're also having fun. It might seem like wecan't control what welike and what wedon't like, but this is actually not entirely true. We have a good deal of control over shaping our thoughts, feelings, and mindset, which is a skill we can develop through practice, like any other. So how does this idea about our own psychology relate to the Reading section of the ACT? If you can approach the passages with a mindset of open and genuine interest in what information they have to teach you, then you'll be able to both read more efficiently, process faster, and retain more information. Whether it's an excerpt from a psychology book, a science article, or a Charlotte Bronte book, it can teach you some lesson from social studies, natural sciences, humanities, or literary fiction. So approach the passages with a proverbial smile on your face, and you'll probably find that the more you prep, the more interested in (and skilled at understanding) the passages you'll become. Apart from taking control of your attitude and mindset, let's discuss a few more technical strategies for answering the Reading questions. The following section expands on the importance of using process of elimination to hone in on the right answer choice. Use Process of Elimination In an ideal situation, you might read the question, know exactly what the answer is, and have it jump out at you from the answer choices. However, this usually isn't the case, especially in inference questions where the answer choices might be harder to predict. Setting out to eliminate wrong answers can help you locate the correct one. As mentioned earlier, there will only ever be one 100%, unambiguously correct answer choice. The others are designed to sound plausible, but they will all have some error of logic or factual inaccuracy. Some common errors in answer choices include being far too specific, much too broad, presenting a relationship in reversed order, or just presenting a totally unrelated concept. Often, extreme concepts or words like "always" or "never" in an answer choice also don't signal that it's the correct answer. Let's look again at the Emily Dickinson sample question I posted above. Which of the following most nearly paraphrases Helen Hunt Jackson's statement to Emily Dickinson that "it is wrong to the day you live in, that you will not sing aloud" (lines 35-36)? A. It is morally reprehensible of you not to let other poets read your work.B. It is unacceptable for you to continue writing; you should become a singer.C. It is stingy and wrong of you not to read out loud to those who like your work.D. It is unfair to this age that you do not share your poetry with the world. As you saw, the correct answer is D. But why are A, B, and C wrong? Answer choice A might fall into the too specific category, as Helen Hunt Jackson does not refer specifically to "other poets." It also represents an extreme in a way with its term, "morally reprehensible." This expresses an extreme sentiment that is not present in the original quote. Answer B, if you read the rest of the passage and have some sense of who Emily Dickinson was - an introverted, even reclusive poet - presents an unrelated concept. Just as you will be determining words in context, here you should discern that "sing aloud" is a poetic turn of phrase, not to be interprted literally. Finally, Answer C, like Answer A, is too extreme. It might seem like the most likely answer choice after D, as the original quote does use the word "wrong." However, Jackson says nothing about Dickinson's stinginess, and the rest of the passage shows that Answer C is too specific. Jackson is not referring only to "those who like your work," but to the entire "day," or time period, in which they live. Process of elimination becomes especially important when you've wavering between answer choices and have to root out the right one - a common scenario on the ACT Reading. Next time you try some sample questions or a practice test, don't just look forthe right answer. Ask yourself why the other answer choices are wrong. This approach will eventually become second nature, and you'll have a deeper understanding of how ACT Reading questions are commonly structured. Plus you'll have a solid defense against trickyanswer choices designed to distractyou. A second strategy that you should use specifically when answering questions is locating specific evidence within the text to support your answers. Locate Specific Evidence Just as you want to eliminate wrong answer choices, you also want to back up your answers with specific evidence from the passage. This is likely in line with your English teachers' mantra of, "Use supporting evidence!" Don't just rely on intuition. Pretend that someone will put you on trial about your answer choice, and you'll have to defend it and prove it to the jury with the most foolproof evidence you've got. With detail and line-specific questions, this is usually a pretty easy task. The questions themselves will usually point you back to a specific word or line. Even with inference questions, though, you can use this same approach. They are never actually that subjective. If they were, then the ACT scorers would have a lot of controversy on their hands. There can only be one correct answer, and this is taken directly from the passage itself. Along withlocating evidence as you study, you should also locate and analyze key literary terms. "Constant vigilance!" Develop your Mad Eye Moody-worthy critical eye. Study and Practice Key Literary Terms In addition to practicing your reading comprehension, you also want to make sure you understand and are able to determine key literary terms like theme, style, tone, imagery, symbolism, simile, metaphor, irony, foreshadowing, and hyperbole, to name a few. Obviously, you can't answer a question about an author's tone if you're not really sure what that is. However, studying definitions will only take you so far. A passage is not going to directly state that an author's tone is playful, condemning, or encouraging. Through practice questions, make sure you can interpret tone, foreshadowing, or the way a phrase like "sing aloud" is symbolic for sharing your poetry with the world. Finally, all of these tips are only helpful if you have the time and motivation to study and prep. Be a Self-Studier Practice, practice, and practice some more. Through studying, you can figure out your reading strengths and weaknesses, what you need to learn, and what's your best approach for reading the passages. You can improve at managing your time and figuring out how to pace yourself between the four passages. Especially if English is your strong subject or you're intending to study the humanities or social sciences in college, you want to demonstrate your skills with a strong score in this section. Even if you're not a humanities person, you want to demonstrate to colleges that you have college-level reading skills and will be able to succeed academically once you get to campus. With focused and customized test prep, you can ensure that you have the skills you'll need and are familiar with exactly what you're going to encounter on the Reading section. To Sum Up... Understanding the types of passages and questions on the ACT Reading will help you develop a critical eye and a strategic approach. Overall, I'd say that skimming is preferable to a close, line by line reading, which really isn't necessary for answering questions correctly. You should take practice tests and figure out what strategy works best for you. Then continue prepping while timing yourself to get better and better at pacing and finishing all the questions within the short, 35 minute period.Using process of elimination, supporting your answers with specific evidence, and being comfortable with literary terms are also key skills for performing well on the ACT Reading. The key word here is practice. Practice reading, practice answering questions, practice skimming and marking up questions and passages fast and efficiently. With all this practice, you'll continue to improve until test day arrives and you can show off your ACT Reading skills and achieve your target score. What's Next? Get started studying with an ACT Question of the Day. If you start early enough, these questions will add up and help you customize your study plan to target your weaknesses and make the most of your strengths. Are you looking for official practice tests? We've gathered printable official ACT practice tests that you can download and print here. What is your target score? Read about what makes a good score on the ACT, how you can achieve it, and how to set your target scores for each section. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph - Emphasis

Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph Business people are still lousy KISSers, Daily Telegraph New research reveals that an inability or reluctance to use plain English or to keep it short and simple (KISS) is still the single greatest barrier to good business writing. The findings by Emphasis, who have been training business people how to write for over eight years, show that a staggering 99 per cent of the pre-training documents they receive from clients contain unnecessary business-jargon or overly-long and complicated words and phrases. And for 63 per cent of people, this failure to KISS represents one of the three biggest challenges to improving their business writing.* The research findings coincide with the announcement of the Plain English Campaigns Annual Awards on 12 December, where organisations and individuals are recognised for having genuinely made an effort to present themselves using clear and concise English. The research only confirms what we already knew from working with a broad range of blue chip companies and public sector organisations, says Emphasis chief executive, Robert Ashton. Despite the odd refreshing example of an individual or organisation really embracing the KISS principle, using plain English remains the exception rather than the rule. So why cant business people KISS? A major issue is the popular misconception that long words and elaborate phrases are somehow a sign of superior intellect or professionalism. But people are inundated with documents to read (an average company with 5000 employees produces a staggering 78 pieces of writing every minute). They are also overworked and short of time so they dont want to have to translate complicated words and phrases; they just want to get to the point. And this is only half the story, says Ashton. The other problem is management speak and buzz words. People are tired of reading about synergy and excellence, while cutting edge or innovative products and services are ten-a-penny these days. And as for raising the bar and low-hanging fruit, the first thing to spring to mind is some kind of tropical limbo challenge. People sometimes think that using plain English represents some kind of dumbing down. But short words are not lightweight or less useful. In fact, theyre often more powerful. Its just a case of having the confidence to use them. * (together with poor punctuation and overuse of the passive voice).

How Can a Small Amount of Money Make a Big Difference Essay

How Can a Small Amount of Money Make a Big Difference - Essay Example The first article, â€Å"Internet Opens World to Microloan Investors†, which the author of the essay will discuss and draw an inference from helps to promote the concept of providing small â€Å"loans† to individuals in developing nations. Whereas providing 25-75 dollars to charity in the United States of America or another developed economy would actually provide little remediation of overall poverty, the authors relate the ways in which certain websites and key individuals have begun fronting very small personal loans or gifts to disenfranchised individuals in a developing country as a means of spurring business and raising the standard of living within these systems. This system is highly beneficial due to the fact that it connects would-be entrepreneurs with valuable access to start-up capital they so desperately need in order to realize a given business aspiration. Again, due to the fact that the developing world has such a decreased cost of entry, oftentimes even very small loans are able to foster a business half a world away. Similarly, the second article, â€Å"Simple, Easy Ways to Give Back† helps to engage the reader with the many opportunities that exist within the periphery of the consumer as ways in which they can seek to develop their philanthropic side. For instance, the article relates how those that are technophiles can easily utilize their mobile phone platform as a way to text small charitable donations to the charity of their choice. Additionally, the article relates to the ways in which donating the leftover amount on a gift card can be beneficial to specific charities. By utilizing web-based charitable organizations, the â€Å"loose change† on store gift cards can rapidly and efficiently be converted into a charitable donation.