Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event - Essay Example Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event It is said that one way music can be interpreted is through the listener’s â€Å"interaction† with it. Sound can be similarly interpreted this way, as sound is also perceived through the auditory sense . This idea can be linked some points in the field notes during the women’s tennis game between Duke University and Virginia Tech. For example, before the start of the game, the crowd could be heard chatting non-stop on probably every topic possible in casual conversations. As an observer, the sounds can be interpreted depending on the personal viewpoint of the listener or the â€Å"intention†. These sounds can be seen as sounds of excitement, of nervousness, or of indifference. To explain further, these three interpretations will be dissected. Sounds from the crowd can be interpreted as excitement due to the consistent rising and falling of the intonation of the overall chatter. They can also be interpreted as nervousness due to the listener’s percep tion of the circumstances where the sounds are happening. Rival fans can easily be perceived as nervous for the game results. Additionally, indifference may also be another interpretation due to the casual setting where the sounds are happening. However, this is just one aspect of interpretation. Another interpretation of sound can be based on â€Å"intentionality.† According to Tia De Nora, â€Å"users configure themselves as agents in and through the ways they relate to objects while they also configure objects in and through the ways they, as agents, behave towards those objects† ... De Nora, â€Å"users configure themselves as agents in and through the ways they relate to objects while they also configure objects in and through the ways they, as agents, behave towards those objects† (Guck 195). It happens, for instance, when the listener uses the music as a catalyst to what the listener wants to feel. For example, during the event, if the listener wants to feel excitement, they can easily use the sounds around them as a catalyst to feel excitement. The endless, mixed sound of voices can easily be used as an accomplice to get this feeling. On the other hand, if the listener wants to feel that their preferred team or player is at an advantage, they could choose to interpret the sounds from rival fans as nervousness (Guck 195-7). Semantics and Pragmatics In communication, aside from phonetics, lexicon, grammar, and syntax, pragmatics, and semantics are also necessary (Feld 206-7). Similarly, rules beyond how a music or sound is made are considered in interpr eting music or sound. Meanings and conceptions of self are equally important in interpreting the objects a listener hears. This could mean that sounds cannot be interpreted solely on the basis of its structure while isolating the context where it is heard. While not absolutely similar, it is reasonable to point out that some issue in linguistics may be applied in ethnomusicology (Feld 207). For example, in the same sports event, if a listener focuses on the social structure where sounds are produced, any listener will interpret the sounds in similar fashion. However, if the pragmatic and semantic theories are applied, a simple sound of laughter from a group of people may present different meanings to the listener. This does not discuss yet the â€Å"intentional† meaning that the producers of the

Research on Occupy Movement Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Occupy Movement - Research Paper Example Almost in every country of the world, inequality is a common issue and except the extreme top level of the system every other person is somehow related to the problem. As the rate of the suffering reached the highest point, the people who are the victims of the system decided to come out of the border and stand together for the same novel cause, and the name of this movement is Occupy Movement. The name itself describes the motto of the movement. The people have come together to protest against the inequality in the economy and the society. The protest is all about the unfairness to the various levels of people in the country or in the world. Discrimination, ignorance, avoidance, and inequality in the power and authority have created the two different categories that are rich and poor. The main reasons behind the protest are the inequality in the income and the ever increasing corruption. The large corporations and banks in Wall Street and the higher political entities who are the 1% of the population are enjoying the wealth of the world and also earning much higher than the rest 99%. Basically, the 99% is compromising in their living standard, their education, their employment and the 1% is relishing the outcome of the compromise. Once the movement has started it should reach a pleasurable and a fruitful end and the outcome of this protest should spread all over the world to erase the inequality forever (Appleby, â€Å"The Wealth Divide†). Thesis Statement Inequality in the system of a country majorly affects the education, employment, culture, and society. The people of the world are not getting enough return on the world economy or revenue in spite of paying adequate taxes to the government and the protestors at last became conscious about the issue and they came to the streets. The movement can either be a pathfinder for the victims of corruption and inequality, where they can join and fight for their rights or it can be neglected by the government a s they have the supreme power which is yet not in the hand of the 99% (University of South Florida, â€Å"Professors Dissect "Occupy Movement"†). Discussion and Argument Almost in every other country in the present world the middle and lower middle class families, groups, students, employees and any other general people are suffering from a common reason, that is inequality in the economy and the society. Being a part of the country and the economy of the country, every people have to pay a certain amount of tax to the government, which depends upon the income of the people. But the major problem is in spite of paying such taxes the people are not being facilitated enough. Most of the world’s wealth and revenue is enjoyed by the higher level of the country who comes under the 1% of the population, and the rest 99% has to suffer for that, by paying donations to the schools for their children, by paying bribe to get a deserved job and by paying extra money to buy a prope rty among others. The government is not being fair to the people as promised (Hertzberg, â€Å"Occupational Hazards†). Every people in the world have certain Human Rights Acts, which support people to have their own say and to stand against the corruption and the unfairness towards them. And the people of the

Multinational Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Multinational Corporations have now become an integral part of the international society. Whether these multinational giants are beneficial or damaging to the society as such is a question which is debatable. There are opinions for and against the multinationals depending upon one’ perspective and social position in this world. We shall discuss the impact of multinational corporations in detail and present views for and against them in the following paragraphs. One major factor to be considered when one talks about multinationals is that most of them are from the developed countries like the USA, Japan, UK, France and Germany (International Labour Organization {ILO} website). Other countries are almost non participants or have just started making their presence felt as exemplified by the Daewoo Corporation of Korea and Venezuela (oil company), according to ILO. No doubt that multinationals have been in existence from the very beginning ever since companies and corporations came into being and looked beyond their horizons for business. The British Empire which ruled most parts of the world in the last two centuries is an example of a multinational temperament and presence. The multinationals do cover up some of the essential requirements of the human race and strive to fulfil every need but at the same time they tend to obliterate any small enterprise which attempts to launch similar products or services.

Ethics and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Business - Essay Example Human induced climate change creates many ethical issues, which remains unaddressed. Although a few individual are responsible of inducing climate change, even those not involved in inducing it feel the effects of climate change across the globe. Climate change is an ethical issue since it entails exploitation of the environment. Additionally, adverse changes in climate are expected to cause disruptions in economic activities in the countries affected. Business organizations are thus supposed to take corporate social responsibility while conducting their activities. Climate change is responsible of causing health problems since it results in pollution. In accordance to business ethics, companies involved in causing pollution are supposed to undertake actions aimed at reducing climate change. The issue of social justice arises because different countries are responsible for differing levels of emission, which requires that the responsibility be divided unequally. This paper focuses on climate change as an ethical issue. The paper will discuss how climate change violates deontological and social justice principles. Additionally, the possible solution to climate change will be discusses from the perspective of the different moral frameworks. How Climate Change Violates Deontology Principles Deontology principles, classify actions as moral or immoral depending on whether the companies involved follow their duties. Climate change violates deontological principles because it threatens the life of both current and future generations. Companies are considered immoral if they contribute to climate change without adhering to their moral duties. Additionally, activities that contribute to climate change are morally wrong since they do not respect the rights of all humans. Causing climate change entails impinging upon the right of others. Companies that contribute in causing climate change violate deontological principles (Gardiner, et al., 2010). To reduce climate change, businesses and other corporates are supposed to work together with their governments towards reducing activities that cause climate change or finding ways to reduce the effects of climate. According deontology principles it is unethical for companies to block the government from implementing activities aimed at reducing climate change. According to views by deontologists, it is crucial that companies take responsibility of their action to avoid causing injuries to other institutions and individuals (Gardiner, et al., 2010). Emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are responsible for climate change, causes indirect injuries to persons. Since the problems related to climate change affect vulnerable individuals or groups, then all activities resulting in emission of the gases are ethically wrong and violate deontological principle. Companies contributing to climate change can be viewed as victimizing vulnerable individuals, which is morally bad and wrong (Gardiner , et al., 2010). Solutions in Accordance with Deontological Framework Different countries contribute differently towards climate change. This is because they emit varying amongst of greenhouse gases. Deontology framework is an appropriate way of addressing the issue of climate change. Deontology principles require that companies share the burden and costs of climate change. However, it would be unfair for all companies or countries to share the burden equally. International negotiation should thus be based on the

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations Essay

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations - Essay Example The women who influence Pip are not good role models for him and others around them. They have set standards for him that are unattainable and lead to an empty, unfulfilled life. Charles Dickens represents the majority of the women in Great Expectations as cruel, hard and domineering. Pip, a young boy living in the marsh country in South East England, has never had a mother figure to nurture or guide him. His formidable sister raises him ‘by hand’; Mrs. Joe Gargery who is a dominating force in both Joe and Pip’s lives (Dickens 7). Pip had the general impression that she must have forced Joe to marry him by hand (Dickens 7). Mrs. Joe is represented as being a cold and cruel woman who threatens Pip and Joe with her cane that she has nicknamed the tickler. Mrs. Joe is unhappy as the blacksmith’s wife construed to illustrate the notion that women in the Victorian era assumed the social status of their husbands. She is resentful of this and longs for more an emo tion that is captured in her statement â€Å"Perhaps if I warn’t a blacksmith’s wife, and (what’s the same thing) a slave with her apron never off, I should have been able to hear the carols’ (Dickens 20). Perhaps her resentment, for her present social status, is the reason for her attitude towards her husband and her brother. Her constant abuse towards him and unhappiness in her station greatly influences Pip. Mrs. Joe is brutally attacked by an unknown attacker, and this attack eventually leads to her demise. This brutality and justice are representative of Charles Dickens’s portrayal of women in Great Expectations. Ms. Havisham is another authority figure in Pip’s life, also meets her demise in a brutal way, but unlike Mrs. Joe, she dies after being caught in what appears to be a fire she started herself. Each death is punishably slow which can be construed to mean that Dickens meant to illustrate the atonement of their cruelty and evil deeds in life. Ms. Havisham is a scorned woman living in a decaying moldy house, and she could still be suffering from the shock of her fiance leaving her on her their wedding day. This left her with everything in its original place, including the time on the clocks, which is a good illustration of her denial and refusal to accept what had happened to her. Her denial and difficulty in accepting her position is echoed by Mrs. Joe who metes out her frustrations on her husband and brother. The generational inheritance of unattainable goals in life from their mother’s makes the Victorian era woman a dissent and unsatisfied woman. The pain in their lives is compensated for by their hard stance in life, cold and cruel behavior and attitudes towards people around their lives. Ms. Havisham’s rejection by her fiance leaves her mentally unstable and terrorizing her adopted daughter, Estelle and Pip. On Pip’s first encounter, he saw that everything within his environment, which used to be white long ago, had lost its luster, and was faded and yellow. He saw that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress and the flowers, and had no luster left, but the brightness of her sunken eyes. Pip saw that â€Å"the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman and that the figure upon which it now hung loose, had shrunk to skin and bone† (Dickens 52). Ms. Havisham and Mrs. Joe are represented as domineering forces in the lives of people close to them, which brings a lot of pain and suffering to these individuals. Ms.

Organisational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Culture - Essay Example This is evident in the fact that the staff called each other by their first names, and the doctors were called by their first names, except in the presence of patients. However there was a change in the organizational structure and this brought about a change in the culture in East Neasden Dietary department. After the organizational change in the dietary department, the culture in East Neasden dietary department was more of an organizational structure containing line managers with overall executive authority. This new organizational culture provided a mechanism for control and command of the organization's performance "which had previously been dissipated among the clinical, administrative, nursing, paramedical and support groups responsible for delivering healthcare services." (Marlow, Nigel) During the organizational changes in the East Neasden dietary department, the new management attempted to use Mcdonaldisation, which is a method of gearing an organization toward maximization. The setback of this method is that efficiency suffers, because workers would tend to be judged by how fast they work, and not by the quality of their work. The new management tried to achieve Calculability, Predictability and Control by eliminating emotion because it was felt that emotions cause inefficiency. The new leadership also wanted to be able to achieve Control and Predictability in the organization. Inner change and Depth Have the declared objectives of a system approach been met' Are there additional benefits' U should also have to consider the usefulness of a system approach as a tool for a practicing manager. In order for organizational change to become deeper institutional change, the inner dimension of the organization must be mapped. The outcome of this mapping is often novel strategies for transformation. This inner, deeper dimension, however, to successfully lead to long term measurable and observable outcomes must be linked to the litany of the organization (its official self-image), the system of the organization (what it does, how it rewards, its subsystems) its worldview (its culture and the ideologies of stakeholders), and finally its unconscious myths. Thus the deeper story, or myth, guiding metaphor needs to link to its more superficial dimensions. (Inayatullah, Sohail from http://www.metafuture.org/Articles/from_organizational_institutional_change2.htm) Control issues Control systems are designed to avoid misleading measurements, collect relevant information, and to distinguish between the levels of control in an organization. The rational technical model of strategic control suggests that if people are given enough information, they will be able to remedy the variance, based on trial and error. Political behavior "often develops before or during organizational change, when what is in the best interests of one group or subunit is perceived by another group to be counter to its best interests." (Klein 1976). It can therefore be said that ay major strategic change elicits overt political behavior and does require considerable political savvy by a strategist for it to become accepted by members of the organization undergoing change. References Klein (1976) Marlow, Nigel. East Neasden: Efficiency in a unit of

CONTRACT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CONTRACT LAW - Essay Example This however is the general rule with the courts being willing to enforce the same in certain situations. This was laid down in the case of Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt( (1894) AC 535 by Lord Macnaughten who stated that â€Å"The public have an interest in every person’s carrying on his trade freely; so has the individual. All interference with the individual liberty of action in trading, and all restraints of trade themselves, if there is nothing more, are contrary to public policy and therefore void. That is the general rule. But there are exceptions; restraints of trade and interference with individual liberty of action may be justified by the special circumstances of a particular case. It is a sufficient justification, and indeed the only justification, if the restraint is reasonable- reasonable, that is, in reference to the interests of the parties concerned and reasonable in reference to the interests of the public, so framed and so guarded as to afford adequate protec tion to the party in whose favour it is imposed, while, at the same time is in no way injurious to the public...† It is in this light therefore that Dr. Smith’s contract of employment needs to viewed. Prima facie section 10 of her employment contract is void and her bosses at BUPA will not be able to rely on it. If however, they can prove that they fall within one of the exceptions that the court has laid down they will be able to successfully rely on the said action and prevent Dr. Smith from starting her new job. For Dr. Smith’s bosses to succeed it is not enough that they show that the clause is reasonable between the parties. They must also prove that the clause is reasonable in the public interest. It is noteworthy that The burden of showing that a covenant is in the interests of the parties lies with the employer. The onus of proving that it is contrary to the public interest lies with the employee: Kores Manufacturing Company Limited v Kolok Manufacturing Company Limited [1959] (CA) Ch D 109.2 We will look at the first aspect in detail over the next few paragraphs. In deciding whether or not the section 10 of the employment contract in question is reasonable between the parties the courts will look at (a) whether the clause protects a legitimate interest of the employer and (b) is whether or not the clause is reasonable in terms of subject matter, locality and duration. When looking at whether a restraint of trade clause protects the legitimate interest of the employer the court has looked to see if the employer has â€Å" some proprietary right, whether in the nature of a trade connection or in the nature of trade secrets for the protection of which such a restraint is†¦reasonably necessary†.3 The courts have further said however that an employer is not entitled to protect himself against the use of the â€Å"personal skill and knowledge† acquired by the employee in the course of the employer’s business. Su ch skills belong to the employee and he is free to exploit them in the market place.4 In the Dr. Smith’s case the BUPA bosses will succeed in their action if they are able to show that they would